Principally, the grand narratives refer to the great theories of history, science, religion, and politics. For example, Lyotard rejects the ideas that everything is knowable by science or that as history moves forward in time, humanity makes progress. He would reject universal political 'solutions' such as communism or capitalism. He also rejects the idea of absolute freedom.
In studying media texts, it is possible also to apply this thinking to a rejection of the Western moralistic narratives of Hollywood film where good triumphs over evil, or where violence and exploitation are suppressed for the sake of public decency.
Lyotard favours 'micro-narratives' that can go in any direction; that reflect diversity; that are unpredictable.
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